Photo reblogged from Biomedical Ephemera, or: A Frog for Your Boils with 242 notes
Leopard Frog - Rana spp. - Internal Anatomy
The internal anatomy of the adult frog is, on a very basic level, quite similar to that of mammals - they have the standard set of vertebrate organs (a heart, some lungs, a nervous system, a stomach, and some other digestive organs), but once you look closer, you can see how different the frog really is.
For one, their skin absorbs oxygen directly through water, and if they dry out, they suffocate - their lungs aren’t nearly large or strong enough to provide the oxygen for their entire body. The frog has no functional ribs or diaphragm, and they must breathe using buccal pumping - moving the floor of their mouth up and down to inflate and deflate the lungs.
Frogs have a single excretory orifice, like birds and reptiles, called the cloaca - all waste and reproductive excretions go through the same hole. Their paired kidneys actually function fairly similarly to mammalian kidneys, but their endocrine system does not conserve water inside the body, like our kidneys and endocrine system do. Because of this, even frogs with strong lungs would die quickly if they had no access to water, due to dehydration.
The hearts of frogs are also somewhat different from mammals. They have only three true chambers. The oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the deoxygenated blood from the tissues enters the heart through separate atria. When the heart beats, it pumps the blood into a common ventricle, which has a partial septum (dividing tissue), to minimize the mixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The blood then passes through a spiral valve to the appropriate vessels - the aorta for oxygenated blood, and the pulmonary artery for deoxygenated blood.
Brehms Tierleben, Allgemeine Kunde des Tierreichs. Dr. Otto zur Strassen, 1913.
Photo reblogged from Doodle Time with 674 notes
My dearest followers,
Tomorrow is my school’s “exam day.” This means that I have two final exams and a term paper due, and also means I will be up all night studying and will be locked in the classroom all day tomorrow. For this reason, I will be uploading this week’s comic on SUNDAY instead of Saturday. There will still be a comic, it will just be a day late. I’m truly sorry I’m doing this again! I love you all, and if you have finals as well, good luck! <3
In the mean time, enjoy this unfunny but true diagram I drew.
Sarah
Photo reblogged from Rebecca Ladds with 866 notes
Practicing with carbon. Drawing bodies is so wonderful.
Photoset reblogged from Betwixt Thoughts with 115,402 notes
#this is literally me and I’m still a youth
#this is literally me and I’m 16
Source: mcavoys
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